Causes of Periodontal Disease

The infection settles into the gum tissues, creating deep pockets between teeth and gums. When caught early as gingivitis, this inflammation is fully reversible with prompt care from a skilled periodontist. But if untreated, the disease advances, damaging gums and the jawbone, often resulting in tooth loss. Sometimes, bacteria from gum infections can enter the bloodstream and affect other parts of the body.

Common Causes of Gum Disease

Gum disease develops due to a mix of genetic and lifestyle factors. Thankfully, many risks can be lowered by taking proactive steps.

Here are some common causes we see:

• Poor oral hygiene – Good dental care at home and balanced nutrition are your first defense. Regular dental visits for exams, cleanings, and x-rays help prevent buildup of plaque and tartar. Without this care, bacterial toxins harm gums and bone, leading to gingivitis or periodontitis and possible tooth loss.
• Tobacco use – Smoking and other tobacco products greatly increase the chance and speed of gum disease. Tobacco slows healing and recovery, encourages tartar buildup, deep gum pockets, and bone loss.
• Genetic predisposition – Even with excellent oral care, about 30% of people have genes that make them more likely to develop gum disease. These individuals are six times more at risk. Genetic testing can identify susceptibility, allowing early, targeted care.
• Pregnancy and menopause – Hormonal shifts during pregnancy and menopause make gums more sensitive and vulnerable. Maintaining diligent brushing and flossing during these times is crucial.
• Chronic stress and poor diet – Stress weakens the immune system, reducing the body’s ability to fight infections. A poor diet or malnutrition also impairs gum health and infection resistance.
• Diabetes and other health issues – Conditions like diabetes, respiratory or heart disease, arthritis, and osteoporosis can worsen gum disease. Diabetes, in particular, impairs insulin use, making gum infections harder to control.
• Teeth grinding – Clenching or grinding damages the tissues supporting teeth. Often linked to misaligned bites, this can speed up gum disease progression.
• Medications – Some drugs, including birth control, heart meds, antidepressants, and steroids, can affect gum health and increase disease risk. Steroids may cause gum overgrowth, creating more space for bacteria.

Treatment of Gum Disease

Periodontists like those at Huthwaite & Huthwaite DMD, PC focus on treating gum disease and placing dental implants. They perform deep cleanings such as scaling and root planing, and may prescribe antibiotics or antifungals to stop infections.

If tooth loss occurs, periodontists can do tissue grafts to regenerate gums and place dental implants. For gum recession causing an uneven smile, they can reshape gum tissue for a balanced, natural look.

Preventing periodontal disease is key to keeping your natural teeth. Understanding and addressing its causes with your trusted dentist helps stop it before it starts or worsens.

If you have questions or concerns about gum disease causes or treatment, don’t hesitate to talk with your dentist at Huthwaite & Huthwaite DMD, PC in Gainesville, GA.